Archive:000/Minerals/table: Difference between revisions

From the change wiki
VisualWikitext
(Added thorium note)
m (Elie moved page Minerals/table to Archive:000/Minerals/table without leaving a redirect: Huge_refactor)
 
(5 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
<!--
TALK: refactor maybe: instead of footnotes+popups, make it all popups; distinguish using {{p2|(note)|...}} and {{p2|(cite)|...}}
-->
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"
|{{p|- Sources cited in table headings are the ''default'' sources, cited unless otherwise specified.<br />- Table text is right-justified to make it easier to compare numbers visually.}}
|{{p|- Sources cited in table headings are the ''default'' sources, cited unless otherwise specified.<br />- Table text is right-justified to make it easier to compare numbers visually.}}
Line 106: Line 109:
|5,724
|5,724
|
|
|
|{{p|Alternative estimate: 407 m^2/tonne, from <q>The high-altitude basin contains around 40 per cent of the world's lithium reserves in about 3000 square kilometres.</q> - <cite>New Scientist - Drought, not lithium mining, is drying out Chile's largest salt flat - https://www.newscientist.com/article/2345815-drought-not-lithium-mining-is-drying-out-chiles-largest-salt-flat/</cite>}}<ref><q>The most accessible and easy to extract resource only contains 1.9 Mt of lithium, spread out over 1,100 square kilometers of the salt body.</q> - <cite>TheDialogue - Energy Advisor - Is Chile Losing Ground to Other Lithium Producers? - https://www.thedialogue.org/analysis/is-chile-losing-ground-to-other-lithium-producers/</cite></ref> : 58
|130,000
|130,000
|26,000,000
|26,000,000
Line 124: Line 127:
|48
|48
|
|
|
|<ref>
Estimated from Alberta oil sands (Canada):
<q>...140,000 km<sup>2</sup> oil sands deposit in Northern Alberta...</q>
<q>Using currently available technology and under the current economic conditions, there are 165 billion barrels of remaining established reserves in the oil sands deposits of Northern Alberta.</q>
<cite>Oil sands 101 - Alberta.ca - https://www.alberta.ca/oil-sands-101.aspx</cite>
</ref> : 6
|<ref name="oil">Feb 17, 2023 - World Oil Statistics - Worldometer - https://www.worldometers.info/oil/</ref> : 5,064,140,000
|<ref name="oil">Feb 17, 2023 - World Oil Statistics - Worldometer - https://www.worldometers.info/oil/</ref> : 5,064,140,000
|<ref name="oil" /> : 235,838,240,000
|<ref name="oil" /> : 235,838,240,000
Line 173: Line 181:
|{{p|<q>Production and reserves are associated with the recovery of monazite in heavy-mineral-sand deposits. Without demand for the rare earths, monazite likely would not be recovered for its thorium content under current market conditions.</q>}}
|{{p|<q>Production and reserves are associated with the recovery of monazite in heavy-mineral-sand deposits. Without demand for the rare earths, monazite likely would not be recovered for its thorium content under current market conditions.</q>}}
|6,400,000
|6,400,000
|{{p|Additional thorium resources could maybe be obtained from ordinary dirt, but we don't know if this would really be [[Term:viable|viable]] or not: The labor/energy/land intensity is still unknown.{{rn}} Average soil concentration of thorium is (6 ppm).<ref>Toxicological Profile for Thorium - https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp147-c5.pdf</ref>}}
|{{p|If [[breeder reactors]] succeed as a technology, thorium could offer a lot more [[energy]] than it takes to mine it.<br /><br />Additional thorium resources could maybe be obtained from ordinary dirt, but we don't know yet whether this would really be [[Term:viable|viable]]: The labor/energy/land intensity of this option is still unknown.{{rn}} Average soil concentration of thorium is (6 ppm).<ref>Toxicological Profile for Thorium - https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp147-c5.pdf</ref>}}
|-
|-
|Uranium (U)
|Uranium (U)
Line 182: Line 190:
|
|
|<ref>Uranium 2020: Resources, Production and Demand ('Red Book') <q>The total recoverable identified resources to $260/kg U is 8.070 million tonnes U.</q></ref> : 8,070,000
|<ref>Uranium 2020: Resources, Production and Demand ('Red Book') <q>The total recoverable identified resources to $260/kg U is 8.070 million tonnes U.</q></ref> : 8,070,000
|{{p|The energy ''density'' of uranium is much higher, at 574699 GJ/tonne for conventional nuclear reactors, and 82099829 GJ/tonne as a theoretical maximum for [[breeder reactors]].<br /><br />Uranium occurs in nature as a mix of two isotopes: U235 (0.7%) and U238 (99.3%). Conventional nuclear reactors can only make use of the U235 component.}}
|{{p|Uranium offers a lot more [[energy]] than it takes to mine it. The energy ''density'' of uranium is 574699 GJ/tonne for conventional nuclear reactors, and 82099829 GJ/tonne as a theoretical maximum for [[breeder reactors]].<br /><br />Uranium occurs in nature as a mix of two isotopes: U235 (0.7%) and U238 (99.3%). Conventional nuclear reactors can only make use of the U235 component.}}
|}
|}


<references />
<references />

Latest revision as of 16:29, 26 October 2024

Mining Recycling
Mineral Labor
intensity[1]
(hours/tonne) 		Energy
intensity
(GJ/tonne) 		Land
intensity
(m2/tonne) 		Global
production[2]
(tonnes/year) 		Global
reserves[2]
(tonnes) 		Global
resources[2]
(tonnes) 		Note Labor
intensity
(hours/tonne) 		Energy
intensity
(GJ/tonne) 		Global
production[2]
(tonnes/year) 		Global
presence
(tonnes)
Aluminium (Al) 200 [3] : 61 69,000,000  : 16,000,000,000
Cement 4,100,000,000
Chromium (Cr) 41,000,000 560,000,000
Cobalt (Co) [4] : 4,094 190,000 8,300,000 25,000,000 [5]
Copper (Cu) 757 [6] : 12 22,000,000 890,000,000  : 3,000,000,000
Gold (Au) 4,935,542 3,100 52,000  : 33,000
Graphite (C) 1,300,000 330,000,000 800,000,000
Iron (Fe) 50 [7] : 20 1,600,000,000 85,000,000,000 230,000,000,000
Lead (Pb) 168 4,500,000 85,000,000 2,000,000,000
Lithium (Li) 5,724 [8] : 58 130,000 26,000,000 98,000,000
Nickel (Ni) 2,189 3,300,000 100,000,000 300,000,000
Oil 48 [9] : 6 [10] : 5,064,140,000 [10] : 235,838,240,000
PGMs  : 3,237,432 400 70,000 100,000
Salt (NaCl) 290,000,000
Sand 380,000,000
Silver (Ag) 58,236 26,000 550,000
Thorium (Th) 6,400,000
Uranium (U) 9,517 [12] : 8,070,000
  1. ↑ Estimated from the market prices of minerals (unless otherwise specified) (www.dailymetalprice.com - Feb 17, 2023 - although ideally it would be better to use prices averaged over a year or two), using very simplified assumptions: global average wages of $4/hour; wages account for 1/3 of the mineral's market price. These assumptions are far from perfect, so if you know of more accurate data on the labor-intensity of any mineral, please post it in the and we can fit it in the table.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Mineral Commodity Summaries 2023: U.S. Geological Survey, ISSN: 0076-8952 (print), https://doi.org/10.3133/mcs2023 - https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2023/mcs2023.pdf
  3. ↑ Aluminum Production - an overview - ScienceDirect Topics - www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/aluminum-production
  4. ↑ Estimated as follows:
    congo.cobalt_miners
    255000
    Number of people working in cobalt mines in the Congo
    The DRC Mining Industry: Child Labor and Formalization of ...
    Of the 255,000 Congolese mining for cobalt, 40,000 are children, some as young as six years.
    congo.cobalt_production
    130000 tonnes/year
    Amount of cobalt produced from mining in the Congo
    Mineral Commodity Summaries 2023
    full_time
    40 hours/week
    Due to lack of better data, we just have to we assume that the average miner works this many hours. Some maybe work more, some maybe work less.

    congo.cobalt_miners * full_time / congo.cobalt_productionhours/tonne(calculation loading) The Democratic Republic of Congo produces most of the world's cobalt, so it's reasonable to use this country for the calculation.

  5. ↑ Life cycle assessment of cobalt extraction process - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsm.2019.03.002 - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2300396018301836
  6. ↑ Energy efficiency - Energy intensity in copper and gold mining - https://www.at-minerals.com/en/artikel/at_-3001684.html
  7. ↑ Material and energy flows of the iron and steel industry - ScienceDirect - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030626192030458X
  8. ↑ The most accessible and easy to extract resource only contains 1.9 Mt of lithium, spread out over 1,100 square kilometers of the salt body. - TheDialogue - Energy Advisor - Is Chile Losing Ground to Other Lithium Producers? - https://www.thedialogue.org/analysis/is-chile-losing-ground-to-other-lithium-producers/
  9. ↑ Estimated from Alberta oil sands (Canada): ...140,000 km2 oil sands deposit in Northern Alberta... Using currently available technology and under the current economic conditions, there are 165 billion barrels of remaining established reserves in the oil sands deposits of Northern Alberta. Oil sands 101 - Alberta.ca - https://www.alberta.ca/oil-sands-101.aspx
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Feb 17, 2023 - World Oil Statistics - Worldometer - https://www.worldometers.info/oil/
  11. ↑ Toxicological Profile for Thorium - https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp147-c5.pdf
  12. ↑ Uranium 2020: Resources, Production and Demand ('Red Book') The total recoverable identified resources to $260/kg U is 8.070 million tonnes U.
Retrieved from "https://thechange.wiki/index.php?title=Archive:000/Minerals/table&oldid=2369"