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==Manufacturing the vehicles== | ==Manufacturing the vehicles== | ||
Producing batteries is energy-intensive. That's one reason why electric vehicles are more expensive. | Producing batteries is energy-intensive. That's one reason why electric vehicles are more expensive. | ||
{{dp | |||
|<nowiki>li_ion.rq_energy</nowiki> | |||
|<nowiki>57 kWh per kWh</nowiki> | |||
|<nowiki>Energy required to manufacture a lithium-ion battery</nowiki> | |||
|<nowiki>"Based on public data on two different Li-ion battery manufacturing facilities, and adjusted results from a previous study, the most reasonable assumptions for the energy usage for manufacturing Li-ion battery cells appears to be 50–65 kWh of electricity per kWh of battery capacity."</nowiki><br /><nowiki> | |||
Source:</nowiki><br /><nowiki> | |||
Energy use for GWh-scale lithium-ion battery production</nowiki><br /><nowiki> | |||
Institute of Physics - IOP Publishing</nowiki><br /><nowiki> | |||
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2515-7620/ab5e1e</nowiki><br /><nowiki> | |||
</nowiki> | |||
}} | |||
{{dp | |||
|<nowiki>ev.lifespan</nowiki> | |||
|<nowiki>8 years</nowiki> | |||
|<nowiki></nowiki> | |||
|<nowiki></nowiki> | |||
}} | |||
{{calc | |||
|li_ion.rq_energy * ev.battery * world.cars * commercial_factor / ev.lifespan | |||
|terawatts | |||
}} | |||
For lack of better data, let's assume that this makes roughly the ''difference'' between manufacturing electric vehicles vs fossil fuel vehicles. This number would be added to the ''industrial'' section of [[energy demand]]. | |||
This page doesn't currently have data on energy to manufacture [[fuel cell vehicles]], yet.{{rn}} | |||
==Minerals== | ==Minerals== |