Archive:000/Minerals/table: Difference between revisions

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|{{p|- Sources cited in table headings are the ''default'' sources, cited unless otherwise specified.<br />- Table text is right-justified to make it easier to compare numbers visually.}}
|colspan="6" align="center"|'''Mining'''
|colspan="6" align="center"|'''Mining'''
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!Mineral
!Mineral
!Labor<br />intensity<br /><small>(hours/tonne)</small>
!Labor<br />intensity<ref>Estimated from the market prices of minerals (unless otherwise specified) (www.dailymetalprice.com - Feb 17, 2023), using ''very'' simplified assumptions: global average wages of $4/hour; wages account for 1/3 of the mineral's market price. These assumptions are far from perfect, so if you know of more accurate data on the labor-intensity of any mineral, please post it in the {{talk}} and we can fit it in the table.</ref><br /><small>(hours/tonne)</small>
!Energy<br />intensity<br /><small>(GJ/tonne)</small>
!Energy<br />intensity<br /><small>(GJ/tonne)</small>
!Land<br />intensity<br /><small>(m<sup>2</sup>/tonne)</small>
!Land<br />intensity<br /><small>(m<sup>2</sup>/tonne)</small>
!Global<br />production<ref name="mcs2023">Mineral Commodity Summaries 2023: U.S. Geological Survey, ISSN: 0076-8952 (print), https://doi.org/10.3133/mcs2023 - https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2023/mcs2023.pdf</ref><br /><small>(tonnes/year)</small>
!Global<br />production<ref name="mcs2023">Mineral Commodity Summaries 2023: U.S. Geological Survey, ISSN: 0076-8952 (print), https://doi.org/10.3133/mcs2023 - https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2023/mcs2023.pdf</ref><!--{{p|source cited, unless otherwise specified}}--><br /><small>(tonnes/year)</small>
!Global<br />reserves<ref name="mcs2023" /><br /><small>(tonnes)</small>
!Global<br />reserves<ref name="mcs2023" /><br /><small>(tonnes)</small>
!Global<br />resources<ref name="mcs2023" /><br /><small>(tonnes)</small>
!Global<br />resources<ref name="mcs2023" /><br /><small>(tonnes)</small>
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|Aluminium (Al)
|Aluminium (Al)
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|200
|<ref>Aluminum Production - an overview - ScienceDirect Topics - www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/aluminum-production</ref>: 61  
|<ref>Aluminum Production - an overview - ScienceDirect Topics - www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/aluminum-production</ref> : 61  
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|69,000,000
|69,000,000
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|{{p|<q>Global resources of bauxite are estimated to be between 55 billion and 75 billion (metric) tons and are sufficient to meet world demand for metal well into the future.</q> ... <q>As a general rule, 4 tons of dried bauxite is required to produce 2 tons of alumina, which, in turn, can be used to produce 1 ton of aluminum.</q>}} 16,000,000,000
|{{p|<q>Global resources of bauxite are estimated to be between 55 billion and 75 billion (metric) tons and are sufficient to meet world demand for metal well into the future.</q> ... <q>As a general rule, 4 tons of dried bauxite is required to produce 2 tons of alumina, which, in turn, can be used to produce 1 ton of aluminum.</q>}} : 16,000,000,000
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|Cobalt (Co)
|Cobalt (Co)
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|{{p|Actual labor intensity is probably higher than this, because most cobalt comes from the Congo where wages are much lower than the "$4/hour average wage" used in estimating from mineral prices.}} : 2,974
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|Copper (Cu)
|Copper (Cu)
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|757
|<ref>Energy efficiency - Energy intensity in copper and gold mining - https://www.at-minerals.com/en/artikel/at_-3001684.html</ref>: 12
|<ref>Energy efficiency - Energy intensity in copper and gold mining - https://www.at-minerals.com/en/artikel/at_-3001684.html</ref> : 12
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|22,000,000
|22,000,000
|890,000,000
|890,000,000
|{{p|<q>A U.S. Geological Survey study of global copper deposits indicated that, as of 2015, identified resources contained 2.1 billion tons of copper, and undiscovered resources contained an estimated 3.5 billion tons.</q>}} 3,000,000,000
|{{p|<q>A U.S. Geological Survey study of global copper deposits indicated that, as of 2015, identified resources contained 2.1 billion tons of copper, and undiscovered resources contained an estimated 3.5 billion tons.</q>}} : 3,000,000,000
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|Gold (Au)
|Gold (Au)
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|4,935,542
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|3,100
|3,100
|52,000
|52,000
|{{p|15,000 discovered + 18,000 undiscovered<br />Not sure why this is lower than ''reserves''}} 33,000
|{{p|15,000 discovered + 18,000 undiscovered<br />Not sure why this is lower than ''reserves''}} : 33,000
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|Iron (Fe)
|Iron (Fe)
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|50
|<ref>Material and energy flows of the iron and steel industry - ScienceDirect - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030626192030458X</ref>{{p|per steel production}}: 20
|<ref>Material and energy flows of the iron and steel industry - ScienceDirect - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030626192030458X</ref>{{p|per steel production}} : 20
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|1,300,000,000
|1,300,000,000
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|Lead (Pb)
|Lead (Pb)
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|168
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|Lithium (Li)
|Lithium (Li)
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|5,724
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|Nickel (Ni)
|Nickel (Ni)
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|2,189
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|100,000,000
|100,000,000
|300,000,000
|300,000,000
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|Oil
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|<ref name="oil">Feb 17, 2023 - World Oil Statistics - Worldometer - https://www.worldometers.info/oil/</ref> : 5,064,140,000
|<ref name="oil" /> : 235,838,240,000
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|PGMs {{p|Platinum-group metals (Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, Ru, Os)}}
|PGMs {{p|Platinum-group metals (Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, Ru, Os)}}
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|{{p|based on a 50/50 average of platinum and palladium prices}} : 3,237,432
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|Silver (Ag)
|Silver (Ag)
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|58,236
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|Uranium (U)
|Uranium (U)
|9,517
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|<ref>Uranium 2020: Resources, Production and Demand ('Red Book') <q>The total recoverable identified resources to $260/kg U is 8.070 million tonnes U.</q></ref> : 8,070,000
|<ref>Uranium 2020: Resources, Production and Demand ('Red Book') <q>The total recoverable identified resources to $260/kg U is 8.070 million tonnes U.</q></ref>: 8,070,000
|{{p|The energy ''density'' of uranium is much higher, at 574699 GJ/tonne for conventional nuclear reactors, and 82099829 GJ/tonne as a theoretical maximum for [[breeder reactors]].<br /><br />Uranium occurs in nature as a mix of two isotopes: U235 (0.7%) and U238 (99.3%). Conventional nuclear reactors can only make use of the U235 component.}}
|{{p|The energy ''density'' of uranium is much higher, at 574699 GJ/tonne for conventional nuclear reactors, and 82099829 GJ/tonne as a theoretical maximum for [[breeder reactors]].<br /><br />Uranium occurs in nature as a mix of two isotopes: U235 (0.7%) and U238 (99.3%). Conventional nuclear reactors can only make use of the U235 component.}}
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<references />
<references />

Revision as of 20:05, 17 February 2023

Mining Recycling
Mineral Labor
intensity[1]
(hours/tonne) 		Energy
intensity
(GJ/tonne) 		Land
intensity
(m2/tonne) 		Global
production[2]
(tonnes/year) 		Global
reserves[2]
(tonnes) 		Global
resources[2]
(tonnes) 		Note Labor
intensity
(hours/tonne) 		Energy
intensity
(GJ/tonne) 		Global
production[2]
(tonnes/year) 		Global
presence
(tonnes)
Aluminium (Al) 200 [3] : 61 69,000,000  : 16,000,000,000
Cement 4,100,000,000
Chromium (Cr) 41,000,000 560,000,000
Cobalt (Co)  : 2,974 190,000 8,300,000 25,000,000
Copper (Cu) 757 [4] : 12 22,000,000 890,000,000  : 3,000,000,000
Gold (Au) 4,935,542 3,100 52,000  : 33,000
Graphite (C) 1,300,000 330,000,000 800,000,000
Iron (Fe) 50 [5] : 20 1,300,000,000
Lead (Pb) 168 4,500,000 85,000,000 2,000,000,000
Lithium (Li) 5,724 130,000 26,000,000 98,000,000
Nickel (Ni) 2,189 3,300,000 100,000,000 300,000,000
Oil [6] : 5,064,140,000 [6] : 235,838,240,000
PGMs  : 3,237,432 400 70,000 100,000
Salt (NaCl) 290,000,000
Sand 380,000,000
Silver (Ag) 58,236 26,000 550,000
Thorium (Th) 6,400,000
Uranium (U) 9,517 [7] : 8,070,000
  1. ↑ Estimated from the market prices of minerals (unless otherwise specified) (www.dailymetalprice.com - Feb 17, 2023), using very simplified assumptions: global average wages of $4/hour; wages account for 1/3 of the mineral's market price. These assumptions are far from perfect, so if you know of more accurate data on the labor-intensity of any mineral, please post it in the and we can fit it in the table.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Mineral Commodity Summaries 2023: U.S. Geological Survey, ISSN: 0076-8952 (print), https://doi.org/10.3133/mcs2023 - https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2023/mcs2023.pdf
  3. ↑ Aluminum Production - an overview - ScienceDirect Topics - www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/aluminum-production
  4. ↑ Energy efficiency - Energy intensity in copper and gold mining - https://www.at-minerals.com/en/artikel/at_-3001684.html
  5. ↑ Material and energy flows of the iron and steel industry - ScienceDirect - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030626192030458X
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Feb 17, 2023 - World Oil Statistics - Worldometer - https://www.worldometers.info/oil/
  7. ↑ Uranium 2020: Resources, Production and Demand ('Red Book') The total recoverable identified resources to $260/kg U is 8.070 million tonnes U.
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