Archive:000/Minerals/table: Difference between revisions
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|{{p|<q>Production and reserves are associated with the recovery of monazite in heavy-mineral-sand deposits. Without demand for the rare earths, monazite likely would not be recovered for its thorium content under current market conditions.</q>}} | |{{p|<q>Production and reserves are associated with the recovery of monazite in heavy-mineral-sand deposits. Without demand for the rare earths, monazite likely would not be recovered for its thorium content under current market conditions.</q>}} | ||
|6,400,000 | |6,400,000 | ||
|{{p|Additional thorium resources could maybe be obtained from ordinary dirt, but we don't know yet whether this would really be [[Term:viable|viable]]: The labor/energy/land intensity of this option is still unknown.{{rn}} Average soil concentration of thorium is (6 ppm).<ref>Toxicological Profile for Thorium - https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp147-c5.pdf</ref>}} | |{{p|If [[breeder reactors]] succeed as a technology, thorium could offer a lot more [[energy]] than it takes to mine it.<br /><br />Additional thorium resources could maybe be obtained from ordinary dirt, but we don't know yet whether this would really be [[Term:viable|viable]]: The labor/energy/land intensity of this option is still unknown.{{rn}} Average soil concentration of thorium is (6 ppm).<ref>Toxicological Profile for Thorium - https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp147-c5.pdf</ref>}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Uranium (U) | |Uranium (U) | ||
Revision as of 02:42, 22 February 2023
| Mining | Recycling | ||||||||||
| Mineral | Labor intensity[1] (hours/tonne) |
Energy intensity (GJ/tonne) |
Land intensity (m2/tonne) |
Global production[2] (tonnes/year) |
Global reserves[2] (tonnes) |
Global resources[2] (tonnes) |
Note | Labor intensity (hours/tonne) |
Energy intensity (GJ/tonne) |
Global production[2] (tonnes/year) |
Global presence (tonnes) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aluminium (Al) | 200 | [3] : 61 | 69,000,000 | : 16,000,000,000 | |||||||
| Cement | 4,100,000,000 | ||||||||||
| Chromium (Cr) | 41,000,000 | 560,000,000 | |||||||||
| Cobalt (Co) | [4] : 4,094 | 190,000 | 8,300,000 | 25,000,000 | [5] | ||||||
| Copper (Cu) | 757 | [6] : 12 | 22,000,000 | 890,000,000 | : 3,000,000,000 | ||||||
| Gold (Au) | 4,935,542 | 3,100 | 52,000 | : 33,000 | |||||||
| Graphite (C) | 1,300,000 | 330,000,000 | 800,000,000 | ||||||||
| Iron (Fe) | 50 | [7] : 20 | 1,600,000,000 | 85,000,000,000 | 230,000,000,000 | ||||||
| Lead (Pb) | 168 | 4,500,000 | 85,000,000 | 2,000,000,000 | |||||||
| Lithium (Li) | 5,724 | 130,000 | 26,000,000 | 98,000,000 | |||||||
| Nickel (Ni) | 2,189 | 3,300,000 | 100,000,000 | 300,000,000 | |||||||
| Oil | 48 | [8] : 5,064,140,000 | [8] : 235,838,240,000 | ||||||||
| PGMs | : 3,237,432 | 400 | 70,000 | 100,000 | |||||||
| Salt (NaCl) | 290,000,000 | ||||||||||
| Sand | 380,000,000 | ||||||||||
| Silver (Ag) | 58,236 | 26,000 | 550,000 | ||||||||
| Thorium (Th) | 6,400,000 | ||||||||||
| Uranium (U) | 9,517 | [10] : 8,070,000 | |||||||||
- ↑ Estimated from the market prices of minerals (unless otherwise specified) (www.dailymetalprice.com - Feb 17, 2023 - although ideally it would be better to use prices averaged over a year or two), using very simplified assumptions: global average wages of $4/hour; wages account for 1/3 of the mineral's market price. These assumptions are far from perfect, so if you know of more accurate data on the labor-intensity of any mineral, please post it in the and we can fit it in the table.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Mineral Commodity Summaries 2023: U.S. Geological Survey, ISSN: 0076-8952 (print), https://doi.org/10.3133/mcs2023 - https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2023/mcs2023.pdf
- ↑ Aluminum Production - an overview - ScienceDirect Topics - www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/aluminum-production
- ↑ Estimated as follows:congo.cobalt_miners255000Number of people working in cobalt mines in the CongoThe DRC Mining Industry: Child Labor and Formalization of ...
Of the 255,000 Congolese mining for cobalt, 40,000 are children, some as young as six years.
congo.cobalt_production130000 tonnes/yearAmount of cobalt produced from mining in the CongoMineral Commodity Summaries 2023full_time40 hours/weekDue to lack of better data, we just have to we assume that the average miner works this many hours. Some maybe work more, some maybe work less.(calculation loading) The Democratic Republic of Congo produces most of the world's cobalt, so it's reasonable to use this country for the calculation.
- ↑ Life cycle assessment of cobalt extraction process - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsm.2019.03.002 - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2300396018301836
- ↑ Energy efficiency - Energy intensity in copper and gold mining - https://www.at-minerals.com/en/artikel/at_-3001684.html
- ↑ Material and energy flows of the iron and steel industry - ScienceDirect - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030626192030458X
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Feb 17, 2023 - World Oil Statistics - Worldometer - https://www.worldometers.info/oil/
- ↑ Toxicological Profile for Thorium - https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp147-c5.pdf
- ↑ Uranium 2020: Resources, Production and Demand ('Red Book')
The total recoverable identified resources to $260/kg U is 8.070 million tonnes U.