Methane cracking
Energy viability
Every methane-cracking method invented so far is a net loss of energy. Meaning that it takes more energy to crack the methane than you ultimately get from burning the hydrogen. But in theory, this need not be true:
- CH4 -> C + 2 H2 (endothermic: 74.850 kJ/mol)
- 2 H2 + O2 -> 2 H2O (exothermic: 285.820 kJ/mol)
Hydrogen production efficiency levels
| Type | Method | Energy out / energy in |
|---|---|---|
| Methane cracking | Theoretical best case | 382% (see chemistry equation above) |
| Not methane cracking | Electrolysis of water | 80% |
| Methane cracking | Best technologies so far | |
| Not methane cracking | Heat -> turbine -> electrolysis of water | 25% |
There have been some green initiatives to use non-fossil-fuel energy to crack methane. However, this is only worthwhile if the efficiency is better than non-methane-cracking ways to make hydrogen (see chart above).
Above 100%, you don't need non-fossil-fuel energy; you can just use some of the hydrogen gas to keep the system going.
In the ideal case, fossil fuels could power the entire world with zero carbon emissions. At least, until oil and gas reserves run out.