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| ===Hydrogen fuel cells=== | | ===Hydrogen fuel cells=== |
| Platinum, an extremely rare metal, is a key component of both fuel cells & electolyzers. Scalability is unlikely.{{qn}} There might be other options that involve only more abundant materials, but with somewhat less energy efficiency. [https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjT3KORkJL8AhXKnGoFHVzOARUQFnoECAwQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.princeton.edu%2Fnews%2F2019%2F06%2F17%2Fhydrogen-fuel-cells-mundane-materials-might-be-almost-good-pricey-platinum&usg=AOvVaw2dRNQTnW2TjonbmM1iL84Q More research is needed.]
| | Fuel cells need ''platinum-group metals'' (PGMs). Mineral reserves are sufficient but ''production'' is too low. Calculations are found here: [[Fuel cell vehicles#Rare minerals in the fuel cell]] |
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| ==Recycling== | | ==Recycling== |